Photovoltaics+Draft+3


 * Intro:**

media type="youtube" key="x2zjdtxrisc" height="315" width="420" Steven Hernandez’s introduction video Also viewable at: []

media type="youtube" key="2mCTSV2f36A" height="315" width="560" Veronica Rascona’s intro video Also viewable at: []

media type="youtube" key="1gta2ICarDw" height="315" width="420" Joshua Roche's intro video Also viewable at: []

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[|Introduction to Solar Cell Technology] gives a great summary of how solar cells work, types of cells, materials used, how efficiency ratings are standardized, as well as the evolution this technology has undergone

**History:**

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 * A Brief History of Photovoltaics**

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 * Timeline of developments in photovoltaics**

**Informative:** media type="youtube" key="NXMgvrS8Gr8" height="315" width="420" Electric video []

Seasonal and Hourly Sun Path Design Issue Tutorial This tutorial explains seasonal and hourly sun paths, and how they should be used when determining solar pannel placement.

[|Photovoltaics Student Guide.pdf] A great beginners guide to passive solar energy.

[] [] How solar cells work.

[|How Do Photovoltaics Work?] A short explanation of what Photovoltaics is and how it works.

[|The Photovoltaic Effect] Avery short, but more basic explanation of Photovoltaic's aimed more toward those who have no experience with the topic.

[|Ed For All - Fundamentals of Photovoltaics] An online course on the fundamentals of photovoltaics. Links to 6 textbooks that provide scientific background on solar energy and photovoltaics in engineering.

The following 19 lectures come from MIT's open courseware.
 * 1. [|Background I]
 * 2. [|Background II]
 * 3. [|Charge excitation and conduction I]
 * 4. [|Charge excitation and conduction II]
 * 5. [|Charge separation I]
 * 6. [|Charge separation II]
 * 7. [|Charge collection, and the solar cell device]
 * 8. [|Review]
 * 9. [|Crystalline silicon solar cells]
 * 10. [|Crystalline silicon solar cells II]
 * 11. [|Thin Films]
 * 12. [|Review]
 * 13. [|Guest Lecture]
 * 14. [|Developing technologies]
 * 15. [|Photoelectric conversion efficiency]
 * 16. [|Photoelectric conversion efficiency II]
 * 17. [|Modules, systems, and reliability]
 * 18. [|Cost and manufacturability]
 * 19. [|Price, markets, and subsidies]

**Application:** ===Solar Power is a field that combines many fields of science: Chemistry, Biology, Electrical Engineering, and Materials Science, just to name a few. The videos below are an example of several of the neat DIY solar projects that are very doable for beginners. The raspberry video focuses much more on the chemistry behind solar cells. The DIY solar video shows much more of the basics behind electrical connections between power sources and is a nice intro to basic circuit connnections. ===

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NEAT -> Scalable Applicability for a lot of everyday devices
media type="youtube" key="6o4_ps0epWs" height="315" width="560" Also viewable at: []

POTENTIAL -> Lots of homes here have solar panels on top.
=== Some people don't even bother having them hooked up if they just come with house (my parents are one). === === Guy gives lots of interesting information on possible Watts could get from one and how much power typical appliances pull. === media type="youtube" key="gTT5Nh1jwys" height="315" width="420" Also viewable at: []

=__INSTRUCTABLES PROJECTS__ = **AFFORDABLE -> $3 for package of "broken" panel pieces (still produce power, have to hand solder together)** [] //Individual purchased shattered panel pieces of various sizes in bulk for $3. Using multimeter, can figure out conductive pathways on back of panel (there are lines) and wire them together. By then coating the entire thing in liquid silicon (think epoxy), you preserve panels from further damage and can custom arrange them. Would be great way to create structures based off Fibonacci sequence. Very interesting test.//

TRASH -> Soldered Connections > Liquid Silicon Coating
  

ENERGIZING ENERGY
// Seems like group of teachers but haven't fully perused article. The lessons are extremely important in how they approach exposing students to the topic of energy and all the different types. //

**Solar panels in architecture:** //Solar Panel Application and Integration//: []

Astheticaly pleasing integration: > **Informative2:** media type="youtube" key="cLIiGTZxH5s" height="315" width="420" Solar Tower video Also viewable at: [] =Massive solar tower in Arizona to be world's 2nd largest building: = []
 * [|Profile of home in DWELL Magazine]
 * [|Several case studies in Finland]
 * [|Overview of solar panel materials and products from an architectural point of view]

Photosynthesis
Book: Biomimicry, Innovation Inspired by Nature. Chapter: How do we harness energy?

[|http://books.google.com/books?id=mDHKVQyJ94gC&lpg=PA1&ots=wDrM0keFR4&dq=biomimicry%20innovation%20inspired%20by%20nature&lr&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false]

[|Engineers mimic photosynthesis to harvest light energy]is an article in Scientific American discussing how plants produce energy from the sun and ways new developments in quantum mechanics may allow us to mimic this harvesting process.

[|Molecular photovoltaics that mimic photosynthesis.pdf] <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,serif;">is a paper from pure applied chemistry by Michael Gratzel. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,serif;">//Abstract:// Learning from the concepts used by green plants, we have developed a photo <span style="font-family: Arial,serif;">voltaic cell based on molecular light absorbers and mesoporous electrodes. The sensitized nanocrystalline injection solar cell employs organic dyes or transition-metal complexes for spectral sensitization of oxide semiconductors, such as TiO2, ZnO, SnO2, and Nb2O5. Mesoporous films of these materials are contacted with redox electrolytes, amorphous organ ic hole conductors, or conducting polymers, as well as inorganic semiconductors. Light harvesting occurs efficiently over the whole visible and near-IR range due to the very large internal surface area of the films. Judicious molecular engineering allows the photoinduced <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,serif;">charge separation to occur quantitatively within femtoseconds. The certified overall power conversion efficiency of the new solar cell for standard air mass 1.5 solar radiation stands presently between 10 and 11. The lecture will highlight recent progress in the development of solar cells for practical use. Advancement in the understanding of the factors that govern photovoltaic performance, as well as improvement of cell components to increase further its conversion efficiency will be discussed.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,serif;">Butterfly Wings
[|Science Daily- Solar Collectors on Butterfly wings]

[|Novel Photoanode Structure Templated from Butterfly Wing Scales.pdf] <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,serif;">Chemistry of Materials, 2009

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,serif;">Heliotropic plants
[|Biomimicry of Heliotropic Plants- more efficient solar panels] <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,serif;">Many plants are heliotropic, gradually tilting towards the sun to optimize solar energy capture. Current sun-tracking solar panels involve the use of motors and electronic control systems, but we believe a biomimetic heliotropic solar panel can be created with the use of alternative materials and designs.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,serif;">Storage
[|MIT's research team develops 'artificial leaf']<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,serif;">This device is capable of using the suns energy to produce and electricity and convert water into its components, hydrogen and oxygen. This is beneficial because the energy produced is more easily stored.

[|Solar Mirror Reflection.pdf] Concentrating solar energy into smaller area creates higher efficiency solar systems.

**Application 2:**

[|Solar Food Processor.pdf] Design overview for multi-use device that can cook food, distill water, and store solar energy for later use (water pipes, panel+battery). From Indian university, so focus is to reduce the carbon output of the poor who burn firewood, charcoal, ect for fuel. Interesting viewpoint, as describes how much energy is used globally just to cook.

[|polyphoto.pdf] This is a chapter from, "Polymer Photovoltaics: A Practical Approach." This chapter describes the materials used and a simple guide to creating a polymer photovoltaic cell from scratch. Interestingly enough, most of the materials used here are organic.

__HOMEMADE ELECTRICITY: AN INTRODUCTION TO SMALL-SCALE WIND, HYDRO, AND PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS__

[|pvapplication.pdf] This is a chapter from, "Homemade Electricity: An Introduction to Small-Scale Wind, Hydro, and Photovoltaic Systems." This chapter describes the practical implementation of photovoltaics, as well as provides a case study.

__Other Applications of Solar Cells and Photovoltaic Systems__

When thinking about solar power and photovoltaic systems on a large scale, it is very important to keep in mind how to integrate the power into the national power grid system. This is a very complex and delicate process that can have dire consequences if done incorrectly. Here are some links with more information:
 * Solar Power and Photovoltaic on the macro scale:**

[] How to Integrate Solar Power into the Grid

[] AZSmart Grid at ASU

How to integrate solar cells into everyday products:

Put into backpacks and other products. Charge electronics on the go. Can be entrepreneurs and sell them.

**Business Section:** And there's lots of subsidies: [] Subsidies

[] A New Business Model for Photovoltaics

New Business Applications for Photovoltaics

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[|Literature Review of Current Solar Companies.pdf] Very interesting overview of the largest solar companies in past twenty years. Notes what technologies based product on (and gives opinion of product/material quality and tradeoffs) and where they are now.

[] How do you make this profitable?

[] This site provides news on solar energy, both from a business and research standpoint, and could be a great source for future module development:

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**Ethics:** [|Ethics.pdf] Discusses photovoltaic cell efficiency and ethics

[|socio-econpv.pdf] This is a chapter from, "Organic Photovoltaics: Materials, Device Physics, and Manufacturing Technologies." This chapter describes the socio-economic impact of low cost photovoltaic technologies. How photovoltaics fit into society is important to consider when creating them.

[] NREL Open PV Project: Tracks the implementation of PV energy in the United States

**Additional Resources:** [] Sample online, interactive quiz

[] Check out photovoltaics at ASU

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